C1.6 Types of Energy & its Transformations

Semester 1: Foundation of Basic Science
Case 1: Chemistry of Life
Obj 6: Types of Energy & its Transformations

Energy (E)  =  capacity to do work

-forms

1. Kinetic E – energy of motion
2. Potential E – stored energy
3. Mechanical E – the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy present in the components of a mechanical system
4. Thermal E – internal energy in substance
5. Electrical E – movement of electron
6. Magnetic E – energy from magnetic field
7. Chemical E – energy stored in bonds of atoms and molecules
8. Nuclear E – energy stored in nucleus of atoms
9. Light E – Energy of Electromagnetic waves
10. Sound E – Disturbance of mechanical energy that propagates through matters as wave

Thermodynamic = study of E transformation

Free energy = portion of system’s E that can perform work (at a constant T) / useful energy

Change in the free energy (ΔE) = Heat (q) – work (w)

1st Law of Thermodynamic = conservation of energy,E (transfered & transformed / not created nor detroyed)

2nd Law of Thermodynamic = transformations increase entrophy (S)

(S) Entropy – disorder , randomness , energy wasted

(H) Enthalpy – energy evolved or absorbed by a biological reaction

(G) Free Energy : ΔG = ΔH – TΔS

˜=0 at equilibrium

= -ve at forward reaction (means E release = Exergonic Reaction)

= +ve at reverse reaction (means E gain = Endergonic Reaction)

¤quantity constant

¤quality varies